TOYOTO HISTORY

 TOYOTO

History

 

              In 1994, Toyota executive Takeshi Uchiyamada was given the task of creating a new car that would be both fuel efficient and environmentally .After reviewing over 100 hybrid designs, the engineering team settled on a hybrid engine design based on a 1974 TRW patent, but many technical and engineering problems had to be solved within the three years that the team was given to bring the car to the Japanese market, a goal they barely achieved as the first Prius went on sale in December 1997. 

A main problem was the longevity of the battery, which needed to last between 7 and 10 years. The solution the engineers came up with was to keep the battery pack between 60% and 40% charged, proving to be the "sweet spot" for extending the battery life to roughly that of the other car components.

The car was a modest success in Japan and after gathering several years of test data from the Japanese early adopters, the company felt it was safe to put it on sale in the U.S and European markets in 2001. ச.ales were limited and customer waiting lists of up to 6 months were common during the first few years. In 2004, a complete redesign, increased production, and soaring fuel prices led to significant increases in sales.

Name
"Prius" is not a verb but a Latin singular form of the adjective whose corresponding masculine and feminine nominative singular forms are ப்ரயொர் (see also )with meanings "ahead, in front, leading; previous, earlier, preceding, prior; former; basic."

A Toyota spokesperson stated that "Toyota chose this name because the Prius vehicle is the predecessor of cars to come."

Some enthusiasts enjoy using "Prii" as the plural, which would be correct if "prius" were a regular Latin noun. The actual Latin plural of the adjective is "priora" (Reference is slightly in error here).

All of these forms are and there are several other forms for the other case. As for the plural of "Prius" in English, Toyota has said that it is simply "Prius" and also that owners are welcome to use whatever they like.

The first Prius, model NHW10, went on sale on December 10, 1997. It was available only in Japan, though it has been imported privately to the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. Many of these cars are now being exported as second-hand to New Zealand and other countries. The common battery failures and other mechanical problems are not supported outside Japan.

To handle the voltage between the battery and electric motor, the semiconductocore inverter unit was modeled on heavy-duty திருன்சிச்டோர்ஸ் உஸெட்ப்ய்தhe ஷிங்கன்சென் bullet train.

The first production model NHW10 Toyota Prius was rolled out of Toyota's Takoka factory in Toyota சிட்டி , Aichi near Nagoya on December 1997, followed by the start of two years of Japan-only sales.

2001–2003 (model NHW11)
NHW11 (First Generation)

Production
2000–2003
Assembl
Toyota City (Motomachi) , Japan
Class
Compact car
Body style(s)
4-door sedan
Engine(s)

 
Toyota Hybrid சிஸ் Gasoline: 1.5 L 13.0:1 கம்ப்றேச்சியோ 52 kW (70 hp) @ 4500 rpm110 N·m (82 lb·ft) @ 4200 rpmElectric: 273.6 வ motor33 kW (44 hp) @ 1040 rpm350 N·m (258 lb·ft) @ 0 rpmSULEV
Transmission(s)


1-speed planetary gear
Wheelbase
2,550 mm (100.4 in)
Length
4,308 mm (169.6 in)
Width
1,694 mm (66.7 in)
Height
1,463 mm (57.6 in)
Curb weight
1,254.2 kg (2,765 lb)



The 2001–2003 Prius for the United States market was powered by a 1.5 liter Atkinson cycle 4 ச்ய்ளிந்தர் gasoline engine, a permanent magnet AC electric motor, and a 274-volt nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery pack. The gasoline engine developed 70 hp (52 kW) and 82 ft·lbf (111 N·m) of torque. The electric motor generated a maximum of 44 hp (33 kW) and 258 ft·lbf (350 N·m) of torque.
The NHW11 Prius became more powerful partly to satisfy the higher speeds and longer distances that Americans drive.Air conditioning was standard equipment.

Interior.
The vehicle was the second mass-produced hybrid on the American market, after the two-seat Honda Insight. While the larger Prius could seat five, its battery pack restricted cargo space. The vehicle interior featured a dash-mounted shift lever, and a small touch screen with a hybrid powertrain display. This feature showed the vehicle operation regarding the interplay between gasoline engine, battery pack, and electric motors, and could also show a bar graph of fuel economy results.


2004–2009 (model NHW20)
NHW20 (Second Generation)




Production
2004–2009 (North America, Japan)2004–present (China, Europe)
Model year(s)
2004–2009
Assembly
Tsutsumi, Japan(Toyota City)Kariya, Aichiழப்,an (Fujimatsu)Chengdu, சிசோன், சீனா (Chinese domestic market only)
Class
Mid-size car
Body style(s)
Engine(s)
Toyota Hybrid System IIGasoline: 1.5 i57 kW (76 hp) @ 5000 rpm115 N·m (85 lb·ft) @ 4200 rpmElectric: 500 V50 kW (67 hp) @ 1200 rpm400 N·m (295 lb·ft) @ 0 rpmAT-PZEHybrid system net horsepower: 110 hp (82 kW)


Transmission(s)
1-speed planetary gear
Wheelbase
2,700 mm (106.3 in)
Length
4,450 mm (175.2 in)
Width
1,725 mm (67.9 in)
Height
1,490 mm (58.7 in)
Curb weight
1,317 kg (2,900 lb)



In 2004, the Prius was completely redesigned as a mid-size liftback, sized between the Corollaand the Camry, with redistributed mechanical and interior space significantly increasing rear-seat legroom and luggage room. 


The 2004 Prius is even more environmentally-friendly than the 2001 model (according to the EPA), and is 6 inches (150 mm) longer than the previous version.Its more aerodynamic Kammback body balances length and wind resistance resulting in a drag coefficient ( Cd) of 0.26. The development effort, led by chief engineer Shigeyuki ஹோரி, led to 530 patents for the வேஹிச்லே





Crash testing results
NHTSA (United States) crash testing of the 2004 US model year Prius yielded a five-star driver and four-star passenger rating in the frontal-collision test (out of five stars). Side crash results were four out of five stars for both front and rear seats. The car scored four out of five stars in rollover testing.
ஈஹ்ஸ் crash tests score the Prius "Good" overall in frontal collisions and "Good" overall in side-impact collisions in models equipped with side airbags. A "Poor" score is given to models without side airbags Side curtain and torso ஐர்பக்ஸ். became standard on 2007 American models.




In 2004, EuroNCAP tested the Prius. It earned the following ரடிங்க்ஸ்

Brake fix and radar ச்றிசே

On February 9, 2010, Toyota announced a voluntary global recall of third generation 2010 Prius models manufactured from the current model's introduction through late January.

Affected models, including 133,000 Prius vehicles in the U.S. and 52,000 in Europe, are to receive an anti-lock brake software updateto fix brake response over rough roads,following reports of delayed braking response on certain surface conditions.

Apple co-founder and Prius collector Steve Wozniak was also quoted by media outlets regarding a possible cruise control on one of his several Priuses, where the steps for "upping the speed" using the Dynamic Radar Cruise Control system allegedly caused unintended acceleration. 

Wozniak later maintained that he was misquoted, but did have an individual vehicle and customer service issue while auto journalists and other Prius drivers suggested user error. 


On March 8, 2010, a publicized incidentof alleged Prius acceleration in San Diego was later suspected to be a hoaxor not repeatable